清代民事纠纷民间调处运行机制简论

A Study on the Function Mechanism of Civil Mediation in Qing Dynasty

民间调处一直以来作为清代社会解决民事纠纷的重要方式之一,被民众广泛地运用。随着民间调处的广泛运用,民间调处的运行机制在清代有了很大发展,特别是在民间调处运行机制的构成环节方面逐步形成了大体相同或相似的部分。通过对司法档案、契约文书等的考察,发现虽然各地民间调处存在一定差异,但与以往不同的是整个清代民间调处运行机制已经出现了制度化趋势。一方面,清代各地的民间调处运行机制一般都包括了民间调处启动、受理、理剖以及调处结果执行几环节,且每个环节都有着比较详细的规定;另一方面,清代民间调处运行机制的这种制度化趋势也为民间调处的有效性提供了保障,从而更有利于民间调处的解纷功能发挥。

Civil mediation was widely applied as one of the important tools to resolve social disputes in the Qing Dynasty. Since there were some differences in social conditions in the Qing Dynasty, the function mechanism of civil mediation had obvious diversities. However, judging from the entirety, the function mechanism of civil mediation still had compatibility and a lot of aspects had the same procedure. From the judicatory files and bargain papers, we can describe the approximate figures about the civil mediation procedure in the Qing Dynasty.