^(137)Csγ射线对陆地棉花粉及其M_1的辐射效应

THE EFFECTS OF 137 Cs GAMMA RAYS IRRADIATION ON UPLAND COTTON POLLEN AND M 1(F 1M 1) GENERATION

本文以浙棉９号和浙１０２花粉为材料，研究了１３７Ｃｓγ射线对陆地棉花粉及其Ｍ１、Ｆ１Ｍ１的辐射诱变效应。研究结果表明：１辐照剂量与花粉活力呈高度负相关（ｒ＝－０９５４５～－０９７８５），浙棉９号和浙１０２花粉的半致死剂量分别为５１７和４６９Ｇｙ；２７．５１Ｇｙ以上剂量辐照花粉后，对其Ｍ１、Ｆ１Ｍ１的出苗、幼苗生长均有明显的抑制作用，辐射的致畸作用因品种不同而不同；３４．６９和７５１Ｇｙ辐照处理，对其Ｍ１、Ｆ１Ｍ１产量性状的抑制作用较大，其中受辐射影响较大的是衣分和单铃重；辐照花粉对纤维品质的抑制作用较小；４Ｍ１、Ｆ１Ｍ１种仁的蛋白质含量随辐照剂量的增高而提高，油分含量则相反。辐照花粉的适宜剂量应小于４６９Ｇｙ。

The radiation effects of upland cotton pollen irradiated by 137 Cs gamma rays were studied with Zhemian 9 and Zhe 102 as the research materials.The results are as follows:1. There were significant negative correlation between radiation dosage and the vitality of upland cotton pollen with the correlation coefficient of -0 9545～-0 9785.The half lethal dosage with pollen of Zhemian 9 and Zhe 102 was 5 50Gy and 4 69Gy,respectively. 2.The emergence and growth of seedlings of M 1 and F 1M 1 generations from the pollen irradiated with dosage of more than 7 51Gy were all significantly retarded.The induced aberration effects varied with varieties.3.All irradiation dosage inhibited yield and fiber qualities except 1 88Gy.The inhibition effects of irradiation on yield components of M 1 and F 1M 1 generations from irradiated pollen were greater than those on fiber qualities,especially on lint percentage and weight per boll.The protein content of cotton seed kernal of M 1 and F 1M 1 generations increased with the rising of irradiation dosage,while the oil content decreased. 4.The radiosensitivity of F 1M 1 was higher than that of M 1.It is suggested that the suitable dosage in cotton breeding should be less than 4 69Gy.