人为水土流失因素及其防治措施研究

The Factors and Countermeasures of Manmade Soil and Water Loss

该文系统地分析了广东省１９８６～１９９２年造成人为水土流失增长的因素及其经济损失、增长速度与危害等，并针对这些形式提出防治的对策和措施。各因素造成危害的名次总和指数顺序为：基建工程＞采矿＞陡坡开荒＞砖瓦窑＞毁林毁草。单位面积经济损失为３１．３６万元／ｋｍ２，年均面积增加４１４．０６ｋｍ２，年均流失量２９２６万ｍ３。作者指出：人为水土流失的机理是开发建设对水土资源产生剧烈扰动，造成大量土壤侵蚀，加之随意堆弃和倾倒便为土壤流失准备了物质基础和环境条件。只要加强执法、监督和必要的水土保持预防和治理措施，大多人为水土流失是可以避免和防治的。

Based on the data of manmade soil and water loss(1986～1992) in Guangdong province, the authors studied the main factors of manmade soil and water loss, and its economic loss, increasing rate and harm, then put forward the countermeasures of the prevention and control. The sequence of sum total index in all items is:capital construction>mining >reclaiming wasteland with steepslope>brickkiln>destroying forest and vegetation. The economic loss is 31.36×104 yuan/km2 (RMB),an average increase of 414.06 km2 and 2 926×104 m3. The authors put forward that manmade soil and water loss result from the irrational human actions, as long as execution of the soil and water conservation,supervision and necessary measures of rehabilitation and prevention are enforced, much manmade soil and water loss would be refrained, prevented and controlled.