南海北部陆架区甲壳类的种类组成和资源密度分布

Species composition and resource density of crustaceans in the continental shelf of northern South China Sea

根据2006年-2007年南海北部陆架区4季的调查资料，分析该海区甲壳类的种类组成和资源密度的分布。结果表明，甲壳类有99种，分隶于2目22科46属，其中虾类32种，蟹类51种，虾蛄类16种；以热带和亚热带暖水性种类为主，属于印度-西太平洋区系。优势种为口虾蛄、黑斑口虾蛄、红星梭子蟹、锈斑蝇、银光棱子蟹、逍遥馒头蟹、猛虾蛄、宽突赤虾、武士蝠、香港蛹、长叉口虾蛄；渔获率B断面最高（7．94kg／h），C断面最低（4．94kg／h）；渔获率有明显的季节变动，秋季最高（10．31kg／h），冬季最低（4．05kg／h）；平均渔获率为6．54kg／h，其中：虾类渔获率0．88kg／h，占13．46％，蟹类渔获率3．68kg／h，占56．27％，虾蛄类渔获率1．98kg／h，占30．27％；甲壳类60m以浅水域分布较多，并密集分布于10～20m水深处；平均资源密度为87．20kg／km^2，资源密度秋季最高（137．47kg／km^2），冬季最低（54．00kg／km^2）。

Based on the data of four seasonal surveys in the continental shelf of northern South China Sea during 2006 to 2007, the species composition and resource density of crustaceans were analyzed. The results showed that there were 99 species belonging to 46 genera, 22 families, 2 orders in the area, and there were 32 species of shrimp, 51 species of crab, 16 species of squill. Most of them were tropical and subtropical warm water species, and they belonged to Fauna of India-western Pacific Ocean. The dominant species were Oratosquilla oratoria , Oratosquilla kempi , Portunus sanguinolentus , Charybdis feriatus , Portunus argentatus , Calappa philargius , Harpiosquilla harpax , Metapenaeopsis palmensis , Charybdis miles, hongkongensis, Oratosquilla nepa. The catch rate distributed most with transect B （7.94 kg/h） and Charybdis least with transect C（4.94 kg/h）, it also showed obviously seasonal variation, most in autumn（ 10.31 kg/h） and least in winter（4.05 kg/h）. The average catch rate was 6.54 kg/h; the catch rate of shrimps was 0.88kg/h and contributed 13.46% of crustaceans catch, the catch rate of crabs was 3.68 kg/h and contributed 56.27% of crustaceans catch, the catch rate of squills was 1.98 kg/h and contributed 30.27% of crustaceans catch. Crustaceans are distributed more in the area of 10m to 60m and most in the area of 10m to 20m of water depth. The resource density of crustaceans was 87.20 kg/km^2, its resource density was most in autumn （137.47 kg/km^2） and least in winter （54.00 kg/km^2）.