黄土旱塬Hybrid-Maize模型适应性及春玉米生产潜力估算

Adaptability of Hybrid-Maize model and potential productivity estimation of spring maize on dry highland of loess plateau

通过对Hybrid-Maize玉米高产模型进行田间验证,应用该模型对黄土旱塬春玉米生产潜力进行初步估算。结果表明,Hybrid-Maize模型在黄土旱塬表现出较好模拟效果,总生物量、秸秆生物量和籽粒产量模拟值与实测值间具有极显著线性相关性,其决定系数分别为0.9469、0.8164和0.9650,回归系数分别为1.0198、0.9787和1.1844,接近于1。黄土旱塬区多年光温生产潜力和气候生产潜力因品种不同有所差别,对多年平均光温籽粒和总生物量生产潜力,紧凑型玉米品种分别为13.25和22.45t/hm2,平展型玉米品种分别为12.32和20.62t/hm2,年际变化小;对多年平均气候籽粒和总生物量生产潜力,紧凑型玉米品种分别为11.97和19.94t/hm2,平展型玉米品种分别为11.37和18.63t/hm2,年际波动大。在黄土旱塬区,玉米产量潜力挖掘的主要途径应集中在提高密度和水分限制条件下,Hybrid-Maize玉米模型在指导玉米高产栽培上具有较好应用。

On the basis of verification of the Hybrid-Maize model in the maize production system on the dry highland of loess plateau with field experiment in 2007,the Hybrid-Maize model was used to simulate the potential productivity of spring maize on the dry highland of loess plateau.The maize yield potential data were obtained between 1990 and 2007.The results indicated that the Hybrid-Maize model had a good simulation effect on the dry highland of loess plateau.Correlation analysis indicated that there was a highly significant linear correlation between simulated data and observed data of total biomass,stalk biomass and grain yield,and the coefficients of determination were 0.9469,0.8164 and 0.9650,respectively,the regression coefficients were 1.019,0.9787 and 1.1844,respectively,close to 1.Annual photosynthetic-temperature potential productivity and climate potential productivity on the dry highland of loess plateau were different with different varieties.As for impact-typed maize,annual photosynthetic-temperature grain yield and total biomass were 13.25 t/hm ^2 and 22.45 t/hm^ 2,respectively,and for flat-typed maize they were 12.32 t/hm ^2 and 20.62 t/hm ^2,respectively.The annual variation of photosynthetic-temperature potential productivity was low.The climate grain yield and total biomass were 11.94 t/hm^2and 19.94 t/hm^ 2for impact-typed maize,respectively,and those were 11.37 t/hm ^2 and 18.36 t/hm^ 2 for flat-typed maize,respectively.The annual variation of climate potential productivity was high.The yield potential exploration of maize on the dry highland of loess plateau is dependent mainly on improving planting-density and soil water condition,therefore,the Hybrid-Maize model has good application value on guiding high yield cultivation of maize.