论德语国家旅游开发的环保意识——从“软旅游”谈起

On the Consciousness of Environmental Protection Concerning the Tourist Exploitation in German-Speaking Countries ——Talking from "the Soft Tourism"

研究旅游开发对我们人类赖以生存的自然环境可能产生的负面影响是当前旅游研究者所面临的一项迫切任务。欧洲德语国家不但旅游开发早,而且长期以来旅游业相当发达,同时学术界非常重视旅游开发的环境影响研究。早在1977年提出的"软旅游"概念曾经轰动一时,不但在学术界引起强烈反响,而且也在业界得到广泛应用。在德语国家,不但政府非常重视并大力支持旅游区的环境保护工作,普通民众和科学家也密切关注旅游的环境影响问题。各界达成的旅游开发的环保共识促进了许多旅游景区的健康发展。探讨德语国家旅游开发的环保意识无疑可以为我国的旅游开发及有关研究提供有益参考。

The conflicts between tourism development and eco-environmental protection are becoming increasingly acute at present all over the world.The study of possible negative impacts of tourism exploitation on the natural environment,on which our human being＇s existence depends,and putting forward appropriate strategies and measures are an urgent task for the present tourist investigators.Based on the author＇s direct observation and reading of relevant scientific literatures during his study and work in Germany for many years,this paper discusses mainly about the common consciousness of environmental protection concerning the tourist exploitation of various circles in European German-speaking countries,including Germany,Austria,Liechtenstein and Switzerland,especially about the concept of ＂soft tourism＂and its profound influences,which was raised in 1970s and had once caused a sensation in academic circles,however,about which very little is known as yet in China. In the European German-speaking countries,the tourist exploitation started very early,the tourist industries have long been flourishing,and the scientists have paid great attention to the environmental impacts of tourism as well.The concept of ＂soft tourism＂,which initiated at 1977,was once so popular that it found not only an enormous echo in scientific world,but also was widely applied to tourist industries.In the German-speaking countries,the government attaches great importance and gives strong backing to the environment protection in tourist areas,and both the ordinary residents and scientists concern themselves also closely with the environmental problems of tourism.The common recognition of environmental protection led to the health development of most tourist resorts. In China,the environmental protection in many tourist resorts has no certain standard,and the works on environmental protection in tourist resorts are therefore in a passive position for a long time past.The discussion of the consciousness of environmental protection concerning the tourist exploitation in German-speaking countries can undoubtedly offer a useful reference to the tourist exploitation and correlated studies in our country.