汶川大地震砖混结构房屋震害调查

Damage investigation of the masonry buildings in great Wenchuan Earthquake

根据汶川大地震震后现场考察结果,介绍了砖混结构房屋在结构体系、墙体、构造柱和圈梁、楼梯和出屋面结构等方面的主要震害特征。为提高此类房屋防震减灾能力,建议对新建房屋结构体系选择宜形体简单、平面规则,慎重使用底框结构;要重视抗震构造设置;对学校教学楼等建筑,尽量采用钢筋混凝土结构,限制使用单跨外廊悬挑结构,并提高此类建筑的抗震设防类别。对已有建筑物,评估其抗震能力,对不符合抗震要求的房屋进行抗震加固。

According to the field investigation results of the Wenchuan Earthquake damage ,the earthquake damage information are described for structural system,wall, structural concrete column and ring bram, stair and overhanging roof structure. Based on the analyses of these damage facts ,the suggestions for increasing the structural survival capacity of new and existing buildings against the severe earthquake are provided ,for example ,structural system project simpleness and regulation for new buildings and being cautious of projecting bottom-frame and top-masoury combination structure, regarding earthquake resistant constructional measure ,projecting reinforced concrete structure and restrainting single-overhang-hanging structure and improveing seismic category of engineering structures of school buildings, actualizing seismic evalnation for existing building and seismic strengthening for unsafe earthquake engineering.