车前草穗枯病发生规律与综合防治研究

Occurrence of Fusicoccum sp.in Plantain and its Integrated Coutrol

车前草穗枯病(Fusicoccum sp.)是江西省吉安县车前草上一种重要病害,主要为害穗部,也能侵害叶片,发病严重时,病株提前枯死,减产90%以上,甚至颗粒无收。田间系统观察的结果表明,病菌以菌丝体和分生孢子附着病株残体上,遗留在田间土表越夏、越冬,次年3～4月车前草抽穗期,气温15～30℃,病菌的分生孢子借风雨传播,落在车前草的叶片和穗部,温、湿度适宜时,萌发侵入为害,引起发病。越冬菌源多,氮肥施用过量,温度24～28℃,雨日多,田间湿度大,有利于此病发生与流行,发病最重,病情指数为42.5。车前草施用生物有机肥+叶面肥的病情指数最低,产量最高。发病初期,喷洒爱苗3000倍液,防治效果最佳,其防效为90.8%。

Fusicoccum sp. is a serious disease in plantain in Ji＇an County, Jiangxi Province. It mainly damages the ears and the leaves of plantain. In some severe cases, it causes earlier withering of the plant, resulting in loss of production by over 90%. The pathogenic fungus overwinters and oversummers with mycelia or conidia in the infected plants left in the topsoil and the conidia spreads through the rain and the wind,. The fungi germinatrs in the ears of the plant causing damage in the eating stage in March and April the next year large amounts of fungus resources, over application of nitrogenous fertilizer temperature of 24-28℃, too many rainy days and high humidity are high humidity are advantageous to the occurrence and epidemic of the disease, and the pathological index reaches 42.5, Optimum application of nitrogenous, phosphate and potash fertilizers enhances the growth of the plant and strengthens its disease resistance and alleviates the symptom; pathological index could be reduced to 2.93.hence the highest yield.Variance analysis shows ：the pathological index in and yield of the plantain fertilized with bio-organic fertilizer＋foliage clressing are oxtremely different from those with pig manure＋huma manure, chicken manure＋urea and no fertilization, the field test of pesticide effect shows that spraying 3000 Armure-water solution at the early disease stage has the best controlling effect, making 90.8%.