重译中的误读和误译——基于《哈克贝利·费恩历险记》的研究

Misreading and Mistranslation in Retranslation——A Study Based on The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn

以阐释学的"前理解"和"偏见"理论、接受美学家对阅读和读者"期待视野"的相关论点为依据,针对文学名著在重译过程中的误读和误译作深入比较研究,批评了以往‘误译即错误的翻译’的简单论调。以《哈克贝利.费恩历险记》改革开放前、后两个阶段不同的译本为例,后来的重译本中也存在不少的误读与误译。误译分为语言学(微观)误译和文化(宏观)误译。语言学误译可能是由于拼写错误等导致的。文化误译又细分为有意误译和无意误译。拼写错误等无意误译都应该尽量避免。然而有意误译是可以原谅和接受的,是基于归化或异化的需要,是创造性叛逆。总之,误读、误译与重译相伴相生,是译者主体性的彰显。

By drawing upon hermeneutician's pre-understanding' and prejudice' and reception aestheticians' statements on readers' horizon of expectation',based on an in-depth comparative study on the misreading and mistranslation in the retranslations of The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn,the paper criticizes the simple evaluation of mistranslation is none other than wrong translation'.Mistranslation may occur due to linguistic or cultural reasons.The former kind might be in such forms as misspelling,which must be avoided,while the latter kind can be further classified into intentional and unintentional mistranslation.It is argued that the intentional one should be discussed considering the demands of domesticating or foreignizing,which might be termed as creative treason.In conclusion,misreading and mistranslation are bound to be symbiotic with retranslation and fully reflect translators' subjectivity.