中德铁路工程隧道技术标准对比分析研究

Comparison between Chinese and Germany Railway Tunneling Technical Standards

我国《铁路隧道标准规范》从1960年至今已形成了包括勘测设计、施工验收、养护维修和抢修抢建4类,基础标准、通用标准和专用标准3个层次共33个标准;德国《铁路标准规范》则由法令-适用标准-TSI(欧洲铁路网运行兼容性法规)组成,隧道标准属于适用标准中的专业规范(DS)系列,主要有3本。德国《规范》"以人为本、注重环保"的设计理念贯穿始终,体系完善,门类齐全,专业规范多是一些具体技术操作方面的规定,且内容详细具体,指导性非常强;我国《规范》标准体系也较完善且层次分明,但原则性的规定居多,对工作的指导作用较小。在限界及净空、荷载、初期支护、二次衬砌、防排水、防灾救援等具体指标方面,德国《规范》对列车气动压力及热效应、喷混凝土的早期强度、二次衬砌最大厚度、防裂钢筋、全封闭防水、防灾救援等都有详细具体的规定;我国《规范》则没有或者不完备,需要结合我国国情通过科学研究进一步完善提高。

The paper compares and analyzes Chinese and Germany ttmneling technical standards with some comments and proposals put forward. The Germany Railway Tunneling Code follows the principle of People the First, Care for Eco-protection. It is perfect in system and involves all necessary subjects concerning regulations for detailed working procedures. But the Chinese Railway Tunneling Code contains many regulations in principle. The Germany Code involves detailed regulations for dynamic pressure and heat effect of moving trains, early-stage strength of concrete, maximum thickness of secondary lining, anti-crack reinforcement, full-closure waterproofing, fire-protection and rescue process, etc. In these respects, the Chinese Code is imperfect and should be improved and perfected.