渭水流域史前陶窑分期初探

A Preliminary Study of the Prehistory Kilns in the Reaches of Wei River

渭水流域的史前陶窑可分为老官台文化、仰韶文化半坡期、庙底沟期、西王村期和龙山时代五个时期。从形制上来看,渭水上游地区的陶窑均为横穴式,接近于渭水中下游地区的仰韶文化半坡和庙底沟期陶窑。渭水上游地区始终保持着以红陶为主的文化传统,而渭水中下游地区仰韶文化之后的庙底沟二期文化和客省庄二期文化,却一改红陶作风而大兴灰陶。陶窑结构和技术的改变可能是导致渭水上游和中下游地区自龙山时代开始陶器颜色发生变化的根本原因。

Accoring to the age, the prehistory kilns in the reaches of Wei river can be classified into five phases, such as Laoguantai, Banpo, Miaodigou, Xiwangcun and Longshan. Looking from the shape, almost all of the kilns of the upper reaches of Wei river are horizontal caves, which are similar to those of Banpo and Miaodigou in the lower reaches of Wei river. The area of the upper reaches of Wei river keeps the red pottery tradition, but the second phase of Miaodigou culture and Keshengzhuang culture in the middle and lower reaches of Wei fiver prevails grey pottery. The development of the structure of the kiln and the improvement of the technique of firing pottery may be the fundamental cause of the change of the pottery color in the reaches of Wei fiver.