固体介质辅助授粉对烟草坐果和种子活力的影响

Effects of Solid Medium Artificial Pollination on the Fruit Setting and Seed Vigor of Tobacco

采用云烟87纯花粉与膨润土、面粉、GTG粉、脱脂奶粉、蜂花粉、可溶性淀粉和滑石粉按体积比2∶1、1∶1、1∶2及1∶3比例均匀混合制备成固体介质花粉,以纯花粉为对照,研究介质花粉对云烟87的坐果和种子活力的影响。结果表明:在不同的固体介质中,可溶性淀粉易与纯花粉混合。按2∶1比例制备成的可溶性淀粉介质花粉,授粉后着粉情况好,每株烟的平均坐果率为90.4%,平均每蒴果种子数为3 003.9粒,与对照比无显著差异。收获后种子的发芽势和发芽率分别达90.3%和93.3%,种子活力与对照比无显著差异。可溶性淀粉介质花粉可应用于烟草种子生产,能达到节约纯花粉用量,降低生产成本的目的。

We investigated the effects of artificial pollination using solid pollen extenders on the fruit setting percentage and seed vigor of tobacco ＂Yunyan 87＂ （ Nicotiana tabacum L. ）. Pure pollen from Yunyan 87 diluted with bentonite, flour, GTG powder, skimmed milk powder, bee pollen, soluble starch and talc powder at the proportion of 2：1,1 ： 1,1 ： 2 and 1 ： 3 （ pollen ： diluent v/v）, using pure pollen as control. The results showed that the soluble starch was easy to mix with pure pollen among the different solid medium. The soluble starch diluted pollen（2：1 ,pollen：diluent v/v）had great pollen adhesion on stigma,the average fruit setting percentage per plant was 90.4%, the average seed number per capsule was 3 003.9, no significant difference was observed compared to control. After harvest, the seed germination energy and germination percentage was 90.3 % and 93.3% respectively, the seed vigor was no significant difference compared to control. The above experiments suggest the possible use of soluble starch as a pollen extender for artificial pollination in tobacco seed production, which can reduce the application amount of pure pollen and cost of production.