茶叶籽油溶剂浸提及精炼研究

Tea Seed Oil:Mix-Solvent Extracting and Refining

通过正交试验对甲醇-石油醚-水混合溶剂体系浸提茶叶籽油工艺条件进行优化,并对毛油进行脱胶、脱酸、脱色及脱臭等精炼处理。结果表明,混合溶剂浸提茶叶籽油的最佳工艺条件为:水料比1.2∶1,甲醇溶料比3∶1,石油醚溶料比5∶1,浸提温度40℃,浸提时间16 min,在此条件下浸提率可达94.46%。毛油精炼工艺条件为:采用酸法脱胶,磷脂的去除率可达到88.89%;碱炼脱酸可将酸价由3.553 mg KOH/g降至0.158 mg KOH/g;使用活性炭脱色最高脱色率可达到81.3%;真空度0.01 MPa通入水蒸气,脱臭90 min,可有效除去毛油的收敛性苦涩味,无异味产生,精炼澄清、透明,呈淡黄色。

The technical condition of methanol/ligarine/water mix-solvent extracting tea seed oil was optimized by orthogonal experiments.The refining processes such as degumming,deacidification,decoloration,and deodorization were also investigated.Results show the optimal technology conditions for extracting tea seed oil are as follows： extracting time 16min,ratio of water to material 1.2：1,ratio of methanol to material 3：1,ratio of ligarine to material 5：1,and extraction temperature 40 ℃;the oil yield is 94.46% under these conditions.The refining process is as follows： adopting acid degumming,the lecithin is taken off by 88.89%;using alkali liquor to take off the acid,the acid value declines to 0.158 mg/g from 3.553 mg/g;using activated carbon to decolor,the maximal fading rate is up to 81.3%;and then adopting steaming deodorization at vacuum of 0.01Mpa,the deodorization time is 90min.With the above-mentioned processing,the oily and bitter astringency taste of the unrefined oil can be eliminated.The refined tea seed oil is of no abnormal taste and is clear,transparent with color of canary yellow.