越南农业政策变革与粮食生产

Vietnam's Agricultural Policies and the World Rice Structure

越南政府的农业政策变革是影响二战后世界粮食格局的一个主要因素。1950年代中期开始的农业集体化运动不仅导致了生产率和稻米产量的下降,也使原来作为世界三大米市之一的越南在世界稻米出口舞台上变得无足轻重,甚至在有些年份没有任何影响。1980年代以后,越南逐渐将以前以合作社为主要生产单位的相对集中的农业生产方式变为以家庭为主要生产单位的相对分散的农业生产方式,从根本上解决了农民生产积极性不高的问题,结果大大提高了农业生产的效率和稻米的产量以及出口量,越南也一跃成为世界粮食舞台上一支举足轻重的力量。促使越南做出这一决定性改变的是越南普通农民在面对集体化运动时为维护和争取自己私利所做出的一些本能行为。他们以这些行为告诉越南党和政府他们喜欢什么,怎样做才是最有效率的。

Vietnam＇s agricultural policy is an important factor affecting world＇s rice structure. In late 1950s, Vietnam＇s agricultural collectivization policy resulted in the sharp decline of rice production and export, which cost Vietnam the leading position in global rice export market. In late 1980s, Vietnam＇s agriculture reform fired the enthusiasm of farmers for production. Vietnam highly raised its production efficiency, rice production and export, and once again Vietnam becomes the main exporter in the world rice market. However, the forces which push Vietnam＇s reform are the instinct behaviors of Vietnam＇s farmers＇ - to protect and to pursue their self-interests in agricultural collectivization. By doing so, they told government what they preferred and how to do it effectively.