香蕉组培苗无土栽培基质配方的筛选研究

Study on Formula Screening of Soilless Culture Substrates for Tissue Culture Seedling of Banana

[目的]筛选香蕉组培苗无土栽培的基质。[方法]以巴西品种香蕉组培苗为试材,以变质岩发育的砖红壤为基质栽培的香蕉组培苗为对照,采用椰糠、锯末、珍珠岩、河砂配制成14种不同的基质,测定各基质中香蕉组培苗的生长指标。[结果]生长105 d后,不同基质中组培苗的叶片数均可达到5片以上。其中,菇渣∶珍珠岩∶河砂=1∶1∶1(D2)基质中组培苗的叶片数最多,平均为6.1片。基质D2中组培苗的假茎最粗,是CK的135%。不同基质中香蕉组培苗的假茎均高于CK。其中,D2基质中组培苗的假茎最高,为12.33 cm,较CK高3.31 cm。各基质中香蕉组培苗最新展开叶的宽度均极显著高于CK。[结论]香蕉组培苗无土栽培基质的最佳配方为菇渣∶珍珠岩∶河砂按1∶1∶1。

[ Objective ] The study was to screen soilless culture substrates for tissue culture seedling of banana. [ Method ] With banana tissue culture seedlings of Brazil variety as the materials and the cultivated seedlings in red soil developed from metamorphic rock as CK, 14 different substrates were prepared with coir dust, sawdust, perlite and river sand , and the growth indexes of banana tissue culture seedlings in each substrates were detected. [ Result] After growth for 105 d, the leaf number of tissue culture seedlings in each substrates all reached more than 5, in which the leaf number of tissue culture seedlings in substrates of mushroom residue： pcrlite： fiver sand = 1：1：1 （ D2 ） was the most, with an average of 6.1. The pesudostem diameter of tissue culture seedling in substrates of D2 was the biggest, being 135% of that of CK. The pesudostem height of banana tissue culture seedling in each substrate were all higher than that of CK, in which the pesudostem height of tissue culture seedling in substrates of D2 was the highest, being 12.33 cm and 3.31 cm higher than that of CK. The width of the youngest open leaf of banana tissue culture seedlings in each substrate were all significantly higher than that of CK. [ Conclusion] The optimum formula of the soilless culture substrates for banana tissue culture seedling was mushroom residue：perlite：river sand = 1：1：1.