废菌体对水体中重金属的吸附特性研究

Study on the Adsorption Properties of Waste Biomass on Heavy Metals from Water

[目的]研究废菌体对水中重金属的吸附特性。[方法]以某药物生产的副产物废菌体作为吸附剂,进行了废水中Zn2+、Cu2+、Cd2+等金属的吸附去除试验。采用间歇吸附方式考查了不同的化学改性方法、pH值、反应时间以及离子初始浓度等因素对上述金属离子去除率的影响。[结果]与NaOH改性废菌体相比,微波改性废菌体效果更好,且在30 min之内吸附基本达到平衡;当微波改性废菌体投加量为4 g/L,溶液pH值分别在6、6、7时,废菌体对Zn2+、Cu2+、Cd2+的最大吸附量分别为2.503、2.329、4.653 mg/g,而且其吸附过程完全符合Langmuir吸附等温模型。微波改性废菌体吸附重金属离子前后的能谱图表明,废菌体吸附金属离子其机理主要是离子交换。[结论]在废物利用的同时净化重金属污染是可行的,为微生物吸附技术广泛应用于处理重金属污染和回收贵重金属提供了依据。

[ Objective ] The research aimed to study the adsorption properties of waste biomass on heavy metals from water. [ Method ] The removal of Zn^2＋ , Cu^2＋ and Cd^2＋ from wastewater by waste biomass from byproduct of medication manufactory was studied. The different influences of the modification method, solution pH value, contact time and the initial concentration of heavy metals on the removal of Zn^2＋ , Cu^2 ＋ and Cd^2＋ from wastewater were studied by batch adsorption. [ Result] Comparing with NaOH modification, the waste biomass modified by microwave had a higher removal efficiency. The sorption equilibria for 3 heavy metals almost attained after 30 min. When the dosage of waste biomass modified by microwave 4 g/L, the adsorption quantities of Zn^2＋ ,Cu^2＋ ,Cd^2＋ by waste biomass modified by microwave were 2. 503, 2. 329, 4. 653 mg/g at pH value 6, 6, 7 respectively. And the sorption process fit well with Langmuir adsorption isotherm model. From the energy spectrum of waste biomass modified by microwave before and after sorption heavy metals, the adsorption mechanism was main the ion exchanges. [ Conclusion ] It is feasible to utilize the waste and purify the heavy metals pollution synchronously, which provides the basis for the microbial adsorption technology applying in controlling the heavy metals pollution and reclaiming the costly heavy metals.