重庆市部分城区慢性阻塞性肺疾病流行病学的抽样调查

Epidemiological Sampling Survey on Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in Urban Area of Chongqing City

目的对重庆市城区某社区进行抽样流行病学调查，了解COPD的患病率和危险因素，为COPD的防治提供客观和可靠的基本资料。方法选择重庆市南岸区某社区40岁及以上人群为调查对象，采用随机-整群抽样的方法进行调查。以吸入支气管舒张剂后FEV1／FVC〈0．7为诊断COPD的肺功能标准，对符合该标准的患者通过询问病史、X线胸片和心电图检查排除其他可能导致肺功能损害的心肺疾病。结果共1518例接受调查，男517例，女1001例。COPD的累计患病率为12．78％，其中男性为23．02％，女性为7．49％。主要的危险因素为吸烟[OR=2．88，95％CI（2．118—3．928）]和室内的油烟污染[OR=1．98，95％CI（1．685～3．317）]。吸烟者被检出为COPD达22．06％。调查中诊断为COPD的患者仅有9．30％过去知道自己患慢性支气管炎、肺气肿或COPD。结论重庆市城区COPD患病率明显高于全国平均水平，而且患者对自己患COPD的知晓率也非常低，应该引起高度重视。

Objective To study the prevalence and risk factors of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease （COPD） and provide reliable data for COPD prevention and management. Methods By cluster-random-sampling survey, the residents aged 40 yrs or older in a community in South Bank District of Chongqing were investigated. The post-bronchodilator FEV1/FVC 〈 0.7 was defined as COPD. Those individuals with FEVJFVC lower than O. 7 would received history inquiry, X-ray of chest and ECG to exclude other disease that could impair pulmonary function. Results 1518 residents were enrolled（517 male and 1001 female）. The prevalence of COPD was 12. 78% （ male 23.02% and female 7.49% ）. The major risk factors were cigarettes smoke（ OR ： 2.88, 95% CI： 2. 118-3. 928 ） and indoor cooking smoke （ OR：1. 98, 95% CI： 1. 685-3.317 ）. There were 22.06% smokers were diagnosed as COPD. Only 9.30% patients had known themselves disease condition about chronic bronchitis, emphysema or COPD. Conclusion The prevalence of COPD in Chongqing city is significant higher than average level of the whole country and the patients have poor knowledge about the disease.