商前期青铜斝铸造工艺分析与模拟实验研究

斝是一种酒器,夏代晚期已有出现,盛行于商到西周早期。关于斝的铸造工艺,前人也曾做过一些相关研究。我们通过对出土斝范的考古调研、对铜斝的实物考察和对其铸造工艺的腄馐笛?研究,认为黄冈博物馆所藏商前期铜斝是采用典型的三分法制作的。斝腹部凸起的棱角分明的兽面纹和柱帽上的涡纹,是在范面上制作出来的;斝腹芯和鋬芯是由芯盒制作而成;铸型不糊草拌泥也可单独阴干、焙烧并用于浇铸。

Bronze-jia is a kind of drinking vessel, appearing in Xia Dynasty, and prevailing from Shang Dynasty to the early period of Western Zhou. The former researchers have already done some researches about the mold-making techniques of the bronze-jia. According to the archaeological investigation of the unearthed molds of the bronze-jia, the observation of the casting features on the surface of the vessel and the simulated experiment of the mold-making techniques, we believe that the molds of the bronze-jia are made from the divided models. The ornaments on the surface of the bronze-jia are manufactured on the outer molds and the sunken ornaments in the cap are made by carving and pressing a small piece of clay pasted on the mold of cap. The cores of the body and the handle are made from the core-boxes. The molds and cores first dry in the shade and then were baked separately before they are used for casting.