汶川大地震妇女创伤后应激障碍的抽样调查研究

Posttraumatic Stress Disorder of Women after Wenchuan Earthquake

目的:调查地震灾害对灾区妇女特别是孕产妇的心理影响,以及社会支持对灾区妇女心理健康的保护作用。方法:于地震发生后第3个月,采用PTSD检查量表平民版(PCL-C)和社会支持量表(MSPSS)对绵阳地区孕妇和育龄期非孕妇女进行问卷调查,并进行相关分析。结果:孕妇组和对照组中各有7例(15.2%)和18例(33.3%)预测发生创伤后应激障碍(PTSD),两组PTSD发生率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。对照组PCL-C与MSPSS测量结果之间明显负相关(r=-0.414,P=0.002),孕妇组则无相关性(P>0.05)。结论:地震给妇女的心理健康造成影响,较高的社会支持对于降低孕妇的应激反应程度可能起到一定的保护性作用。

Objective： To investigate the influence of earthquake on incidence of posttraumatic stress disorder （PTSD） in women, and the relationship between PTSD and social support, in order to explore interventions to reduce the influence. Methods：The mental status of the pregnant women in the earthquake was evaluated with PCL-C （the PTSD checklist-civilian version） and MSPSS （the multidimensional scale of perceived social support）. Results：There were 7 cases （15.2%） and 18 cases （33.3%） of PTSD in pregnant women and nonpregnant group, respectively. The incidence of PTSD was higher in the pregnant group than nonpregnant ones （ P 〈 0.05）. The scores of PTSD in the nonpregnant group were negative correlativity with that of MSPSS （ r = - 0.414, P = 0.002）. Conclu- sions.The mental statuses of women are influenced by the earthquake. The high proportion of pregnant women among displaced persons underscores the importance of examining how behavioral changes and difficulties in access to health care influencing the metemal and infant health, which needs comprehensive planning and arrangement.