五一二汶川地震截肢伤员身体意象、假肢满意度及生活质量的研究

A study of body image, prosthesis satisfaction and quality of life of the amputees from 5 · 12 Wenchuan earthquake

目的了解地震截肢伤员的生活质量（QOL）、身体意象、假肢满意度及其相互关系，找出存在的问题以利于进行针对性干预。方法选择五一二汶川地震下肢截肢伤员21例，采用健康状况调查简表（SF-36）评定QOL，采用截肢者身体意象评估表（ABIS）评估身体意象，选用自制假肢满意度问卷调查假肢满意程度。结果SF-36总分为（41．90±15．00），ABIS得分为（64．58±10．60），假肢满意度得分为（59．52±11．06）。ABIS得分女性高于男性（P〈0．05）；SF-36评分与假肢满意程度呈正相关（P〈0．05），与身体意象评分呈负相关（P〈0．05）；身体意象与SF-36总分及其中活力、精神健康项评分呈负相关（P〈0．05）；假肢满意程度与患者教育程度呈正相关（P〈0．01），与SF-36总分及精神健康项评分呈正相关（P〈0．05）。结论身体意象紊乱以及对假肢的满意度在一定程度上影响了地震截肢伤员的QOL，应加以干预，使其正确认识假肢和身体意象，提高QOL。

Objective To explore body image （BI）, prosthesis satisfaction and quality of life （QOL） of amputees from Wenchuan earthquake and the relationship among them to provide evidence for the intervention. Methods A total of 21 amputees accepted a survey regarding QOL, BI, and satisfaction with prosthesis. The scale of SF-36 was used to assess QOL. Amputees Bodily Image Scale （ABIS） was used to assess BI. A self-design questionnaire was used to evaluate the prosthesis satisfaction of amputees. Results The scores of SF-36, ABIS, and prosthesis satisfaction was 41.90 ± 15.00, 64.58± 10.60, and 59.52±11.06, respectively. The ABIS scores in women （65.07 ±12.10） were higher than that in men （63.20±5.0） （ P 〈 0.05 ）. There was a positive correlation between score of QOL and prosthesis satisfaction, but a negative correlation between QOL and BI. The negative correlations were also observed between BI and Vitality, BI and mental health. Prosthesis satisfaction had positive correlations with education level, QOL and mental health. Conclusion The body image disturbance （BID） and dissatisfaction with prosthesis may cause negative influences on the amputees＇ quality of life. Relevant intervention should be provided of amputees handling their prostheses and body images correctly and raising QOL.