旅游者认知地图研究综述

A Study Review of Cognitive Maps of Tourists

认知地图是行为地理学中的一个重要研究领域,本文在梳理认知地图的概念体系、地理学与心理学对认知地图研究基础上,综述了近30年国内外旅游者认知地图的研究。研究发现:①旅游者认知地图是具有空间定位功能的、动态的、三维的旅游环境综合表象;②受旅游活动特点和旅游地类型影响的旅游者形成了独特的认知地图类型与空间结构;③旅游者在环境习得速度和过程方面都与一般环境学习存在显著差异;④旅游者认知地图形成过程中的人类影响因素主要表现为游客类型影响因素;⑤旅游领域的研究多采用适合现场情境的方法和技术;⑥旅游者认知地图研究尚处于不成熟阶段,主要表现为研究思想、内容和方法技术等方面的缺陷。最后提出旅游者认知地图几个多学科的重要命题。旅游者认知地图研究对于旅游规划、旅游目的地营销和旅游空间行为研究具有一定理论和实践意义。

Cognitive map is an important study area in behavioral geography. The paper, based on the concept system of cognitive map and study of geography and psychology on cognitive map, sums up tourists＇ study on cognitive maps both at home and abroad in the past thirty years. The study finds ： 1. Tourists＇ cognitive maps are integrated images of tourism environment which are spatially oriented, dynamic and three-dimensional. 2. Tourists who are influenced by characters of tourist activities and categories of tourist destinations have formed unique cognitive map categories and spatial structure. 3. There are significant differences between tourists＇ environmental learning （ short-term learning ） and ordinary environmental learning in terms of acquiring speed and process of getting environmental knowledge. 4. Human influencing factors are mainly manifested by tourists＇ types in the process of the formation of tourists＇ cognitive maps. 5. Methods and technologies fitting real-world setting are usually applied in current study. 6. Study of tourists cognitive maps are still at the immature stage, mainly manifested by theories, contents and methodologies of research. Finally, some topics in multi-disciplines about tourists＇ cognitive maps are put forward. Study of tourists＇ cognitive maps are of certaintheoretical and practical significance to tourism planning, tourism destination marketing and study of tourism spatial behavior.