上颌窦的胚胎发育

EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT OF MAXILLARY SINUS

对46例(92侧)12～40周胎儿标本的上颌窦,行冠状切,HE染色,光镜观察:(1)原始上颌窦在胚胎第20～22周由原始筛漏斗底部扩展而成,上颌窦位于钩突和中鼻道外侧壁的外侧,窦腔与眼眶之间的骨板最薄,且骨化较晚.(2)窦口位于上颌窦的顶部(壁),随胎龄增长,”钩突角”变小.向外下的筛漏斗渐近水平位.(3)出生时,上颌窦大小约3.0×5.0×6.5mm.窦内粘膜上皮细胞呈立方形或矮柱状,其纤毛稀疏,,固有膜增厚、疏松,内含极少量血管和腺体.结果表明:出生时,上颌窦虽已出现,但粘膜厚,窦腔小,且与眼眶的毗邻关系密切,上颌窦粘膜的组织结构与鼻腔粘膜的结构有所不同.

46 (92 sides) maxillary speciments, ranging from 12-40 weeks of embryonic age, were sectioned in the coronal plane and stained with hematoxylin and eosin, and then observed by histo-logical method. The results were as follows : The primordial maxillary sinus began its development at about 20-22 weeks of fetal life, was formed by extensions or evaginations of the eth-moidal infundibulum, and located laterally to the lateral wall of the middle nasal meatus. The os-teoplate between the maxillary sinus and the inferior wall of the orbit was thin and ossified late. The ostium was located at the apex of the maxillary sinus, and with increasing of age, the unci-nate angle decreased, directed laterally and downwards ethmodial infundibulum. and approached a horizontal level. At birth the maxillary sinus was on the average . 3. 0×5. 0×6. 5 mm in size. The epithelium of the maxillary sinus was cuboidal or low columnar in shape. Cilia was sparse. The tunica propria was thick, loose, less vascular and glandular. The results suggest that although the maxillary sinus presented at birth, its mucous membrane was thick and its cavity was small. The sinus was closely adjacent to the orbit. The histologic features of the mucous membrane in the maxillary sinus were somewhat different from those of the nasal mucous membrane.