间作种植模式对玉米和大豆干物质积累与产量组成的影响

Effect of Intercropping Patterns on Dry Matter Accumulation and Yield Components of Maize and Soybean

玉米/大豆间作是中国北方地区常见的一种种植模式。通过2个生长季的大田试验,研究了间作种植模式对玉米和大豆的干物质积累与产量组成的影响。试验结果表明,生育前期(播后第79天以前),不同种植模式下玉米的单株干物质量之间没有显著差异;生育后期,玉米/大豆1:3间作模式下(I1处理)玉米的单株干物质量高于单作玉米,达到极显著水平;玉米/大豆2:3间作模式下(I2处理)玉米的单株干物质量高于单作玉米,达到显著水平,1:3和2:3间作模式下玉米的单株干物质量也存在显著差异。生育期内不同种植模式下大豆的单株干物质量之间没有显著差异。利用Logistic方程拟合了单作和间作条件下玉米和大豆单株干物质积累的动态,相关性均达到极显著水平(P<0.01)。由于边际效应的影响,间作群体内玉米各器官干物质积累量高于单作。不同种植模式下大豆各器官的干物质积累差异不明显。间作玉米的干物质转换率高于单作,单作大豆的转换率高于间作。I1和I2处理间作总籽粒产量比单作玉米的籽粒产量增加约6%,比单作大豆的籽粒产量增加约320%。

Intercropping of maize and soybean is widely practiced in northern China. A 2-year field experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of intercropping patterns on dry matter accumulation and yield components of maize and soybean. Results indicated that there was no significant difference in dry matter of single maize for different planting patterns during earlier growing stage （before 79 DAS）. During later growing period, there was very significant difference between biomass per plant of 1：3 intercropping （treatment Ix） and sole maize, and significant difference between dry matter per plant of 2：3 intercropping （treatment I2） and sole maize. There was also significant difference between dry matter of individual plant of 1：3 intercropping and 2：3 intercropping. There was no significant difference in dry matter of single soybean for different planting patterns during whole growing season. Dry matter accumulation of single maize and soybean was fitted with Logistic equation for the intercropping and monocuhures, correlation reached very significant level （P〈 0.01）. Dry matter accumulations in the intercropped maize organs were higher than that of the sole maize because of edge effect.There was little difference in soybean organs for different planting patterns. Comparing with the sole maize, the intercropped maize had higher translocation rate of dry matter. Translocation rate of dry matter of the sole soybean was slightly higher than that of the intercropped soybean. When compared to the maize and soybean in the monocuhure, the intercropping （I1 and I2 treatments） increased total yield by 6% and 320%, respectively.