作为普遍人类现象的批判性思维——中国和美国的视角被引量：90

Chinese and American Perspectives on the Pervasive Human Phenomenon of Critical Thinking

导出

摘要本文论述了西方批判性思维的起源和发展,分析了批判性思维对教育、经济和民主的重要作用,概述了批判性思维技能和倾向的定义,比较了中国和西方批判性思维的特点,并期待二者的综合,最后指出了进一步研究批判性思维的两条主要途径。在整个美国和许多其他地方,大学教育的基本目标之一就是教会学生批判性思维。 Abstract： In this essay the authors briefly trace the rise of a consistent disposition toward critical thinking in the Western tradition, analyze the important functions of critical thinking for education, economy and democracy, sketch the definitions of critical thinking skills and the dispositions toward critical thinking, try to interpret Chinese mind through Western thinking, and finally suggest two paths for critical thinking research. The authors state that throughout the United States and in many other places one of the fundamental goals of a college education is described as teaching students critical thinking.

作者彼得.费希万诺琳.费希万爱格尼丝.蒂瓦里费利克斯.尤恩

机构地区芝加哥洛约拉大学哲学系

出处《北京大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》 CSSCI 北大核心 2009年第1期55-62,共8页 Journal of Peking University(Philosophy and Social Sciences)

关键词批判性思维批判性思维技能批判性思维倾向西方思维中国思维 critical thinking critical thinking skills the disposition toward critical thinking Western thinking Chinese thinking

分类号 B811.2 [哲学宗教—逻辑学]

引文网络
相关文献

参考文献21

1Kurfiss (Gainen), J. (1998). Gritical Thinking: Theory, Research, Practice, and Possibilities. ASHE-ERIC Higher Education Report No. 2. Washington DC: ASHE.
2Marshall, R., Tucker, M. (1992). Thinking for a Living: Education and the Wealth of Nations. New York: Basic Books.
3Dewey, J., (1933, originally published in 1910). How We Think: A Restatement of the Relation of Reflective Thinking to the Educational Process. Lexington, MA: Heath Publishing. US Congress, (1994) Goals 2000: National Goals for Education Act. Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office.
4American Philosophical Association. (1990). Critical Thinking: A Statement of Expert Consensus for Purposes of Educational Assessment and Instruction. "The Delphi Report," Committee on Pre-College Philosophy. (ERIC Doe. No. ED 315 423) .
5Among these are the widely used instruments : The California Critical Thinking Skills Test, The Test of Everyday Reasoning, The California Critical Thinking Disposition Inventory, the California Measure of Mental Motivation, and The Health Sciences Reasoning Test, all published by The California Academic Press, Millbrae CA. Insight Assessment: www. insightassessment. com.
6Allinson RE. (1991). An overview of the Chinese mind. In Understanding the Chinese mind. The Philosophical roots (Allinson R.E., ed. ), Oxford University Press, New York, pp. 1-25.
7Yang KS. (1993). Why do we need an indigenous Chinese psychology? Indigenous Psychological Research in Chinese Societies 1, pp.86-88.
8Facione PA., Facione NC. & Giancarlo CAF. (1998). Professional judgment and the disposition toward critical thinking. The California Academic Press, Millbrae, CA.
9Wu DYH. (1996). Chinese childhood socialization. In The Handbook of Chinese Psychology (Bond M.H., ed. ), Oxford University Press, Hong Kong, pp. 143-154.
10Dardess J. (1991). Childhood in premodern China. In Childhood in Historical and Comparative Perspective (Hawes J.M., Joseph M. & Hines N.R. eds.), Greenwood, New York, pp. 71-94.