兔股骨头缺血坏死模型的建立研究及比较

Establishment and evaluation of rabbit model of femoral head avascular necrosis

目的:为研究股骨头坏死治疗建立理想的动物模型.方法:采用健康的成年新西兰兔24只,随机分为3组,A组:注射马血清及地塞米松(n=10);B组:用液氮将股骨头冷冻坏死(n=10);C组:正常对照组(n=4).术后定期行X线检查,并取股骨头行组织切片,通过计算空骨陷窝率比较股骨头坏死情况.结果:光镜下A,B两组均股骨头均出现缺血性坏死表现,空骨陷窝率比C组均有升高(P<0.05,P<0.01),A组8wk时的模型复制成功率小于55%;B组8wk后的成功率大于95%.结论:通过异种血清加激素或液氮冷冻股骨头均可建立兔的股骨头缺血坏死动物模型,但异种血清加激素的方法并非一定能引起股骨头坏死;通过液氮冷冻方法建立的兔股骨头缺血坏死模型方法简便、坏死明显,可作为研究股骨头缺血坏死治疗的理想动物模型.

AIM： To establish an ideal animal model for the study of avascular necrosis of the femoral head （ANFH） disease. METHODS： Twenty-four healthy New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into 3 groups ： horse serum and dexamethasone group（ A, n = 10）, liquid nitrogen frozen group（ B, n = 10） and control group（ C, n = 4）. X-ray and histological examination were performed periodically after experiment to evaluate the osteo- necrosis. RESULTS： Necrosis of the femoral head at 4 th and 8 th week was confirmed in A and B groups, in both of which the empty bone lacuna rate was higher than that in group C. The success rate was less than 55% after the 8th week in group A, while it was more than 95% in the group B. CONCLUSION： The model of ANFH disease can be built up by steroid and serum injection or liquid nitrogen in rabbits, but not all the rabbits model can be built by steroid and serum injection. The animal model of ANFH disease can be established satisfactorily with liquid nitrogen freezing.