1Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). ENTERS FOR dISEASE Incidence of end - stage renal disease among persons with diabetes - United States, 1990 - 2002. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep, 2005,54 (43):1097 - 1100.
2Kersten S, Desvergne B, Wahli W. Roles of PPARs in health and disease. Nature, 2000,405 (6785) : 421 - 424.
3Willson TM, Lambert MH, Kliewer SA. Peroxisome proliferator - activated receptor gamma and metabolic disease. Annu Rev Biochem, 2001,70 : 341 - 367.
4Jones AB. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) modulator:diabetes and beyond. Med Res Rev, 2001,21 (6) : 540 - 552.
5Bajaj M, Berria R, Pratipanawatr T, et al. Free fatty acid - induced peripheral insulin resistance augments splanchnic glucose uptake in healthy humans. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, 2002,283(2) :E346 E352.
6Andreozzi F, Laratta E, Cardellini M, et al. Plasma interleukin- 6 levels are independently associated with insulin secretion in a cohort of Italian - Caucasian nondiabetic subjects. Diabetes, 2006,55(7) :2021- 2024.
7Park KS, Ciaraldi TP, Lindgren K, et al. Troglitazone effects on gene expression in human skeletal muscle of type Ⅱ diabetes involve up- regulation of peroxisome proliferator - activated receptor - gamma. J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 1998,83 (8):2830-2835.
8Kern PA, Saghizadeh M, Ong JM, et al. The exprexsion of tumor necrosis factor in human adipose tissue. Regulation by obesity, weight loss, and relationship to lipoprotein lipase. J Clin Invest, 1995,95(5) :2111 - 2119.
9Togashi N, Ura N, Higashiura K, et al. Effect of TNF alpha-converting enzyme inhibitor on insulin resistance in fructosefed rats. Hypertension, 2002,39 (2 Pt 2) : 578 - 580.
2Reed M J;Meszaros K;Entes LJ.Effect of masoprocol on earbohydrate and lipid metabolism in a rat model of type Ⅱ diabetes,1999.
3The Diabetes Control.The effect of intensive treatment of diabetes on the development and progression of long-term complications in insulin-depentment diabetes mellitus,1993.
4Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group.Intensive bloodglucose control with sulphonylureas or insulin compared with conventional treatment and risk of complications in patients with type 2 diabetes[J],1998(9131).
5William IS.Lipotoxicity and glucotoxicity in type 2 diabetes,2001.
6McGarry JD;Dobbins RL.Fatty acids,lipotoxicity and insulin secretion[J],1999.
7Dominguec JH;Tang N;Xu W.Studies of renal injury Ⅲ:lipid-induced nephropathy in type Ⅱ diabetes[J],2000(1).
2Brennan E,Mcevoy C,Sadlier D,et al.The genetics of diabetic nephropathy.Genes,2013,4(4):596-619.
3Deeb SS,Fajas L,Nemoto M,et al.A Prol2Ala substitution in PPARgamma2 associated with decreased receptor activity,lower body mass index and improved insulin sensitivity.Nature Genetics,1998,20(3):284-287.
5Mukherjee R,Davies PJ,Crombie DL,et al.Sensitization of diabetic and obese mice to insulin by retinoid X receptor agonists.Nature,1997,386(6623):407-410.
6Yen CJ,Beamer BA,Negri C,et al.Molecular scanning of the human peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma ( hP-PAR gamma) gene in diabetic Caucasians:identification of a Prol 2Ala PPAR gamma 2 missense mutation.Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications,1997,241(2):270-274.
7Wu LS,Hsieh CH,Pei D,et al.Association and interaction analyses of genetic variants in ADIPOQ,ENPP1,GHSR,PPARgam-ma and TCF7L2 genes for diabetic nephropathy in a Taiwan Residents population with type 2 diabetes.Nephrology,dialysis,transplan-tation:official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association,2009,24(11):3360-3366.
8Liu L,Zheng T,Wang F,et al.Prol2Ala polymorphism in the PPARG gene contributes to the development of diabetic nephropathy in Chinese type 2 diabetic patients.Diabetes Care,2010,33(1):144-149.
9Tonjes A,Scholz M,Loeffler M,et al.Association of Prol2Ala polymorphism in peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma with Pre-diabetic phenotypes:meta-analysis of 57 studies on nondiabetic individuals.Diabetes Care,2006,29(11):2489-2497.
10Ludovico O,Pellegrini F,Dipaola R,et al.Heterogeneous effect of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma2 Alal 2 variant on type 2 diabetes risk.Obesity ( Silver Spring,Md),2007,15(5):1076-1081.