历史时期罗布泊地区环境演变过程

Lop Nur Area's environmental variation during the different historical periods

利用史学考据的方法之一"二重证据法",从历史时期不同阶段进行纵向比较和从同一时期不同地区进行横向比较入手,参考放射性碳素断代法(即14C测定法)对太阳墓遺址、楼兰遺址进行断代测定的結果,结合应用空间遥感技术,对楼兰故城上游地质滑坡形成堰塞湖卫星图像的解读数据,分析新疆楼兰古城消亡的原因和罗布泊地区环境演变的过程。结果显示,历史时期罗布泊地区的环境演变与人类活动密切相关:土地掠夺性开垦,水资源的超常规开采,植物种群的大面积采伐都是造成生态环境变化的原因。对水土资源的的超常规开采和过度使用,也是导致楼兰故城废弃的原因。需要说明的是,这是一个渐进的过程。沒有证据可以直接证明,滑坡崩塌形成堰塞湖使孔雀河突然断流,导致楼兰城供水突然中断。

This article uses one of history textual criticism methods（ Dual Evidence Methods） to analyze the cause of Loulan Ruins＇ wethering away and the process of Lop Nur＇ s environment evolution based on the lengthwise comparison of different stages of the historical period and the crosswise comparison of different areas of the same period, referring to the results of dating the Solar Tomb Ruins and the Loulan Ruins according to the radiocarbon method （ i. e. the 14 C Measurable Method）, combing the application of space remote sensing technology for obtaining the interpretation data on the blocked lake caused by a landslide locating at the Loulan Ruins＇ upstream. The result shows that during the historical period, variation of the environment of Lop Nur area was closely related to human＇ s activities. The reasons for its ecological environment variation were as follows： predatorily reclaiming lands, excessively exploiting water resources and extensively logging plant population. The reasons mentioned above resulted in ancient Loulan Ruins＇ abandonment too. It was necessary to state that the abandonment process was a gradual one. There was no evidence that could directly prove the following incident： the blocked lake＇ s occurrence terminated in abrupt discontinuity of the Peacock River, which brought about water-supplying cease in the ancient Loulan Ruins town.