中国淡水原生动物多样性及其所受威胁

The diversity status of freshwater protozoans and the pollution stress on protozoa in China

概述了地球上原生动物多样性现状，指出它在生物学界中的地位及其对人类的作用。从生态学概念出发，把淡水原生动物作为一个集合类群，对其多样性和所受威胁进行了讨论。以武汉东湖为例，讨论了半个世纪来由于人类活动的影响引起湖泊富营养化后，原生动物丰度增长了１０倍，优势种出现替代现象，并有明显的小型化倾向。以长江三峡地区为例，分析了工业污染能损伤７０％原生动物种类。原生动物多样性指数变化表明：在有机污染影响下作为饮用水的汉江其水质已达临界边缘。对待开发的西南武陵山地区生物资源考察中，用原生动物多样性现状阐明该地区水生态系的稳定性。

The present paper introduced a broad outline of the diversity of protozoa on the globe, the position in the biology and the relation to the human being. Considering that the protozoa in freshwater as an aggregate group ecologically, its diversity and stress could be discussed. The stress resulting from anthropogenic sources in an eutrophication lake—Donghu Lake in a period of half a century resulted in a ten fold increase of protozoan density and a succession of dominant species. The industrial pollution from the bank of the Three Gorges Area of the Yangtze River damaged at least 70% species of protozoans. In the largest tributary of the Yangtze River, the Hanjiang River, a resource of drinking water, the protozoan diversity index indicated that water quality was in a critical status. In the unexploited Wuling Mountains Area in southwestern China, the protozoan diversity demonstrated that the aquatic ecosystem in this area was healthy and stable.