牧区积雪监测中卫星资料应用的研究现状

Research progress of satellite data utilization for snow monitoring in pastoral areas

牧区雪灾严重制约着牧区生产力的发展。卫星资料在雪灾监测中,起到控制雪灾和灾前预警的作用。牧区积雪监测中常用卫星资料NOAA/AVHRR在晴空条件下,具有大范围积雪动态变化监测的优势;TM资料则易于区分雪和云,同时适用于小范围积雪动态监测与精确定位;被动微波遥感数据SMMR、SSM/I和AMSR-E在获取雪深及雪层内部稳定方面效果显著;MODIS数据具有数据免费、较高空间分辨率等特点。多种卫星资料还在去云、混合像元处理、积雪深度、积雪面积监测和积雪监测模型建立中起到基础数据的作用,为雪灾的准确监测提供重要依据。

Snowstorm is seriously restricting the development of animal productivity in pastoral areas. Satellite data play an important role for early warning the snowstorm. NOAA/AVHRR have the advantage for monitoring the dynamics of snow in clear air conditions at large-scale. TM data are easy to identify snow and cloud and proper for small-scale monitoring of snow and precise positioning. Passive microwave remote sensing data, such as SMMR, SSM/I and AMSRE, have the advantage to probe the snow depth and snow internal stability. MODIS data are free and higher spatial resolution. Satellite data play a basic role in eliminating the clouds, processing the mixing pixel, monitoring the snow depth and snow covered area and establishing the snow-monitoring model.