社会减灾能力信任及水灾风险感知的区域对比——基于江西九江和宜春公众的调查

REGIONAL COMPARISON OF THE TRUST IN SOCIAL DISASTER REDUCTION ABILITY AND PUBLIC PERCEPTION OF FLOOD RISK——BASED ON THE SURVEY AND ANALYSIS TO THE PUBLIC OF JIUJIANG AND YICHUN,JIANGXI PROVINCE

研究公众对社会减灾能力及灾害风险的认识,有助于从公众视角揭示风险潜在因素,不仅是进行风险沟通的必备环节,还可以为开展有效的减灾宣传教育、提高公众减灾意识提供决策依据。通过社会调查(221份样本)和统计分析方法,比较了江西九江、宜春公众对于社会减灾能力的信任及水灾风险感知。结果表明,公众对于社会减灾能力基本持信任态度,信任度高低排序为:灾害监测预报>政府应急>防灾工程>预警传播,其中宜春公众的信任度较高;公众对于水灾的风险感知较弱,尤其是宜春公众认为水灾发生、受灾的可能性很小;公众的信任与对区域减灾能力的了解无关,主要是受到受灾经历(受灾次数、灾情损失、灾后救援)的影响,即区域本底灾害风险的高低导致公众认知的差异,风险较高区域(九江)的公众具有更为明确的降低风险的行为倾向及意愿。

In this paper, the research on the perception of public to social disaster reduction ability and disaster risk help was reported to reveal the potential factors of risk from a public visual angle. This research may provide important links to carry out risk communications, and also basis for decision-making to conduct effective disaster reduction propaganda and education and to increase the public consciousness on disaster reduction. Through social survey （221 samples） and statistical analysis method, the authors compared the trust in social disaster reduction ability and public perception of flood risk of Jiujiang and Yichun in Jiangxi Province. The results indicate that the public take a trust attitude to social disaster reduction ability, and the degree of trust ranks as the following： disaster monitoring forecast, government ability in dealing with emergencies, disaster prevention engineering, efficiency of warning dissemination. Between the two regions, the degree of trust in Yichun public is higher; while the perception of public to the risk of flood is weaker, as the Yichun public felt that there was little possibility of flood occurrence, nor the disaster suffering. Public are mainly affected by their suffering experiences during disasters （frequency of disaster, loss in disaster, post-disaster rescue work）. That is, the degree of risk of local disaster in different regions led to the difference of public perception. In the region with higher risk, such as in Jiujiang,tbe public hold clearer behavioral tendency and willingness to reduce risk.