塔里木河中游地区草湖环境的演变——基于清末至民国草湖纠纷事件的讨论

Environmental Changes of the Grass Lake in the Middle Tarim River——Discussion According to the Grass Lake Dispute Affairs during the Late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China

清末至民国,发生在塔里木河中游地区的三起草湖纠纷事件,反映了草湖地区的人地关系趋于紧张。经过研究,我们发现引起草湖纠纷的因素来自于平原绿洲区,即快速增长的人口及其不断增长的需求对草湖环境产生了极大的压力。草湖地区人类不合理的开发活动,加剧了塔里木河汊流的发育,使塔里木河水散失日益严重,最终造成草湖环境的不断退化;甚至酿成了1921年塔里木河下游河道的改道。

During the Late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China, the Grass Lake dispute affairs took place in the Middle Tarim Rivers reflected the relation between human and environment tended towards tension. After the study, we've found that the driving factors of grass dispute affairs from the plains oasis, that the rapid growth of the population and its growing demand had produced a tremendous pressure for environment of the grass lake. Unreasonable human activities had aggravated Tarim River branch of a river growth, made its flood gradually loss, and eventually resulted in the continuous degradation of the environment, even led to the 1921's Lower Tarim River diversion.