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3[7]Mark Busby, Ralph Ellison. Boston: Twagne Publishers,1991, p.41.
4伊恩·罗伯逊.现代西方社会学[M].郑州:河南人民出版社,1988..
5A·查普曼．黑人的声音：美国黑人文学选集[C]．新美洲图书公司，1968：665．
6小休斯顿·A·贝克．黑人长歌[Z]．弗吉尼亚大学出版社，1972：6．
7New Essays on" Invisible Man", ed. Robert O' Meally. Cambridge University Press, 1988. p.3.
8The Living Novel, ed. Granville Hicks. New York: Macmillan, 1957. p.75.
