闽北毛竹林的土壤渗透性及其影响因子

Soil Infiltration Characteristics and Its Influencing Factors under Phyllostachys edulis Forests in Northern Fujian Province

以中亚热带杉木纯林和常绿阔叶林为对照,对闽北毛竹林类型(竹杉混交林、毛竹纯林和竹阔混交林)土壤渗透性及其影响因子进行研究。结果表明:不同林分和同一林分不同层次土壤渗透性能存在很大差异,常绿阔叶林土壤渗透能力最强,竹阔混交林次之,毛竹纯林土壤渗透能力最弱;各林地土壤渗透能力随土层深度的增加而减弱;通用经验方程对各林分土壤入渗过程的拟合效果最好,Hoton方程次之,Kostiakov方程最差;土壤理化性质和土壤生物活性显著影响土壤渗透性能。土壤生物活性提高土壤渗透性能的实质是土壤生物加速了林地养分循环速率,最终提高了土壤质量;结合相关分析,筛选出11个极显著或显著影响土壤渗透性能的土壤理化和土壤生物活性因子,对其主分量分析后得到土壤渗透性能综合参数P及与其极显著相关因子的综合参数β,并构建土壤渗透性各指标及其综合参数P与β的线性回归模型。

The soil infiltration and its influencing factors of three typical Phyllostachys edulis forests （P. edulis and Cunninghamia lanceolata mixed forest, P. edulis pure forest and P. edulis and broad-leaved tree mixed stands） in the North of Fujian Province were studied in comparison with C. lanceolata forest and evergreen broadleaved forest. The results showed that the characteristic of soil infiltration differed significantly with forest type and soil layer. Evergreen broad.leaved forests had the strongest soil infiltration capability, followed by bamboo and broad-leaved tree mixed stands, however, the P. edulis pure plantation was the poorest. The infiltration capability declined with the increase of soil depth. A common experienced infiltration model was best simulating the infiltrating processes in these forests in this region, followed by Horton equation, and the Kostiakov equation was the most unsuitable model. Correlation analysis showed that the soil infiltration, capability was greatly affected by soil physical and chemical properties and biological activity. The soil biological activity improved the soil infrltration beeause the soil biology accelerated the soil nutrient cycling rate in stands, and hence improved soil fertility quality. Combined with the eorrelation analyses, 11 soil physical and chemical properties and biological activity factors, which extremely signitieantly or significantly influenced soil infiltration, were selected. The comprehensive parameters of soil infiltration （P） and soil physical and chemical properties and soil biological activity （β） were obtained by the principal component analysis, and the linear regression models of different indexes of soil infiltration and its comprehensive parameters （P） and β had been established.