不同季节漆树树皮结构与漆酚含量变化及其相关性

Variation of Urushiol Content in Raw Lacquer and the Bark Structure of Toxicodendron vernicifluum in Different Seasons and Their Correlation

利用植物解剖学方法和分光光度法,系统观察、分析测定和统计分析陕西秦岭不同月份已割的和未割大木漆树以及已割的小木漆树的树皮结构、生漆中漆酚含量以及割漆季节中漆酚含量。结果表明:1)不同季节漆树树皮中有、无功能韧皮部厚度的比值,乳汁道平均直径、单位面积个数,石细胞平均层数和团数,射线细胞列数等均有变化,其中有、无功能韧皮部厚度之比、石细胞平均层数和团数在1年中出现2次降低;乳汁道分泌细胞及乳汁道腔内生漆贮存量也出现2次减少;2)不同季节漆酚含量总趋势呈上升,但中间出现2次低谷;割漆季节漆酚含量从7月中下旬到8月中下旬呈逐步上升并达到最高(67.32143%);3)漆树树皮结构变化与生漆漆酚含量的变化存在密切相关。

In order to tap lacquer scientifically, variation of urushiol content in raw lacquer and the bark structure of Toxicodendron vernicifluum in different seasons were investigated. The bark structure, urushiol content in raw lacquer of untapped and tapped Damu Lacquer Tree and tapped Xiaomu Lacquer Trees in different seasons and urushiol content of tapped Xiaomu Lacquer Trees in tapping seasons in Qinling area were observed and measured with the methods of plant anatomy and spectrophotometry. The results revealed there were differences in the thickness ratio of functional phloem to non-functional phloem, mean values of diameters of laticiferous canals, the number of laticifereus canals per unit area, the number of layers and groups of stone cells and the number of rows of ray cells over the seasons. The thickness ratio of functional phloem to nonfunctional phloem and the number of layers and groups of stone cells, the number of secretory cells and raw lacquer content in laticiferous canals decreased twice per year. The urushiol content in raw lacquer increased generally with two valleys in different seasons and reached to a peak （67. 321 43 % ） from middle of July to late August which is tapping seasons. Comparison between the change of bark structure and the urushiol content in raw lacquer showed that a close correlation existed.