表达自我的方式:室名别号与文人心态解读——兼以徐渭为例

An Expressing Fashion:the Relationship between Study's Names,Nicknames and the Literati's Psychology——Taking Xu Wei as an Example

室名别号,一般为使用者自己所取。对使用者而言,室名别号具有两个层面的意义:一是对自我的体认,二是对自我体认的表达。室名别号产生于东晋之前,盛于明清,其与东晋以前文人隐逸风尚相联系,彰显了文人独立的人格精神。文人有意识地为自己取室名别号是一个编码过程,读者解读室名别号则是一个解码过程。室名别号所蕴含的意象,往往是文人毕生精神的寄托。因此,从表达方式的角度来理解室名别号,是对文人心路历程的解读。从徐渭的室名别号切入,我们可以看到徐渭人生的悲苦与喜乐,他对于自身身份的设定,"布衣"或者"道人",得意与失意,寥寥数字之间的寄寓与向往。

Study＇s names and nicknames are named by the users themselves and endowed with special signification of self-recognition and expression of it. The study＇ s name and nickname became flourishing in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. This paper traces back to its origin and argues that it is related to the literati＇ s seclusive style before the Eastern Jin Dynasty, and expresses their independent personality. It is an encoding process for the literati to have study＇ s name or nickname consciously, but a decoding process for the reader to interpret them. The image embodied in these names is usually the spirit which the literati pursues in their whole life. Therefore, understanding these names from the perspective of expression is the interpretion of the literati＇ s psychology. This paper takes Xu Wei, a literati of the Ming Dynasty, who has much more nicknames with vivid image as an example and attempts to understand the life he expressed from the perspective of his study＇ s names and nicknames.