人参(Panax ginseng)根系分泌物成分对人参致病菌的化感效应

Allelopathy of ginseng root exudates on pathogens of ginseng

采用室内培养结合生物学测定的试验方法,研究了不同浓度人参(Panax ginseng)根系分泌物成分苯甲酸、邻苯二甲酸二异丁酯、十六酸和2,2二-(4羟-苯基)丙烷对人参立枯丝核菌(Rhizoctonia solani)、黑斑菌(Alternaria panax)、疫病菌(Phytophthora cactorum)、菌核菌(Sclerotinia schinseng)、锈腐菌(Cylindrocarpon destructans)和绿色木霉菌(Trichoderma viride)菌落生长及孢子萌发的化感效应。结果显示,不同浓度人参根系分泌物成分对人参致病菌及绿色木霉菌的化感效应存在显著差异。苯甲酸浓度与人参立枯丝核菌、菌核菌和锈腐菌菌落生长以及人参黑斑菌、锈腐菌孢子萌发呈负相关,与人参黑斑菌、绿色木霉菌菌落生长呈正相关;对人参疫病菌菌落生长的化感效应表现为低浓度和高浓度抑制,中浓度促进。邻苯二甲酸二异丁酯浓度与人参立枯丝核菌、黑斑菌、菌核菌和绿色木霉菌菌落生长以及人参黑斑菌孢子萌发呈负相关;对人参锈腐菌菌落生长和孢子萌发表现为低浓度和高浓度抑制,中浓度促进;对人参疫病菌菌落生长表现为低浓度和中浓度抑制,高浓度促进。2,2二-(4羟-苯基)丙烷浓度与人参立枯丝核菌、黑斑菌、疫病菌、绿色木霉菌菌落生长以及人参黑斑菌、锈腐菌孢子萌发呈负相关;对人参菌核菌、锈腐菌菌落生长表现中浓度促进,高浓度抑制。十六酸浓度与人参锈腐菌、疫病菌和绿色木霉菌菌落生长呈正相关,与人参锈腐菌孢子萌发呈负相关,对黑斑菌孢子萌发表现为中浓度抑制。4种根系分泌物的等量混合物浓度与人参致病菌及拮抗木霉菌菌落生长速率呈负相关。

We investigated the allelopathy effects of root exudates benzoic acid;1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid bis（2-methylpropyl） ester;hexadecanoic acid;and 2,2-bis（4-hydroxyphenyl） propane of ginseng（Panax ginseng） at different concentrations on the colony growth and conidia germination rates of Rhizoctonia solani,Alternaria panax,Phytophthora cactorum,Sclerotinia schinseng,Cylindrocarpon destructans,and Trichoderma viride of ginseng.The results showed a significant variation in the allelopathy effects of root exudates on pathogens and Trichoderma viride.Benzoic acid at concentrations that correlated negatively with the colony growths of Rhizoctonia solani,Sclerotinia schinseng,and Cylindrocarpon destructans and the conidia germination rates of Alternaria panax and Cylindrocarpon destructans correlated positively with the colony growths of Alternaria panax and Trichoderma viride.It inhibited the colony growth of Phytophthora cactorum at low and high concentrations and accelerated the growth at a medium concentration.1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid bis（2-methylpropyl） ester at concentrations that correlated negatively with the colony growth of Rhizoctonia solani,Alternaria panax,Sclerotinia schinseng,and Trichoderma viride,inhibited the colony growth and the conidia germination rate of Cylindrocarpon destructans at low and high concentrations and accelerated them at a medium concentration.It inhibited the colony growth of Phytophthora cactorum at low and medium concentrations and accelerated it at a high concentration.Concentrations of 2,2-bis（4-Hydroxyphenyl） propane that correlated negatively with the colony growths of Rhizoctonia solani,Alternaria panax,Phytophthora cactorum,and Trichoderma viride and with the conidia germination rates of Alternaria panax and Cylindrocarpon destructans,inhibited the colony growths of Sclerotinia schinseng and Cylindrocarpon destructans at a high concentration and accelerated the growths at a medium concentration.Concentrations of hexadecanoic acid that correlated positively with the colony growth of Cylindrocarpon destructans,Phytophthora cactorum and Trichoderma viride correlated negatively with conidia germination rate of Cylindrocarpon destructans and inhibited the conidia germination of Alternaria panax at a medium concentration.Also we found that,mixture that mixed with four root exudates equally at concentrations correlated negatively with the colony growth of pathogens and antagonistic Trichoderma strain of ginseng.