椰心叶甲啮小蜂(Tetrastichus brontispae)实验种群生命表的编制

Establishment of laboratory population life table of Tetrasichus brontispae Ferriere

通过解剖椰心叶甲被寄生僵虫统计椰心叶甲啮小蜂未成熟期的发育历期、存活率与生殖力数据,编制了椰心叶甲啮小蜂的实验种群生命表。常温下椰心叶甲啮小蜂卵、幼虫和蛹的历期分别为3.1、5.0 d和9.3 d,啮出前期为2.1 d。卵、幼虫和蛹的存活率分别为0.9184、0.9521和0.9818,椰心叶甲啮小蜂的成虫羽化率为0.9,单雌产卵量为23.78粒,种群趋势指数为12.45。通过此生命表的组建,讨论了生命表中种群趋势指数(I)与生殖力表中净增殖力(R0)的关系,认为这两个概念本为同一含义,应该合并。此外,在成虫寿命大于等于2d的情况下,成虫逐日存活率与逐日产卵概率乘积的和小于1,且成虫寿命越长其值越小,结果导致在不考察成虫逐日存活率与逐日产卵概率的情况下种群趋势指数被严重高估,因此组建任何形式的生命表都应考察并计入成虫逐日存活率与逐日产卵概率。

The laboratory population life table of Tetrastichus brontispae Ferriere developed in the pupae of Brontispa longissima（Gestro） was established by calculating the immature development time,the survival rate at immature stage and the adult reproduction.The development time of egg,larval and pupa of T.brontispae was 3.1,5.0 and 9.3 days,respectively,and the duration before emerge was 2.1 days at indoor temperature.The survival rate of egg,larval and pupa was 0.9184,0.9521 and 0.9818,respectively,and the emergence rate of pupa was 0.9.Each female could lay about 23.76 eggs.The index population trend of T.brontispae（I） was 12.45.After the life table established,the relationship of the index of population trend（I） and the net reproductive（R0） in the experimental population fecundity table was discussed,and we considered that the two concepts were homologyous.Moreover,when the female longevity longer than two days,the multiplying product of the survival rate of adults per daily（SAa） and the proportion of fecundity per day（Pf^d） was less than one [∑Pfd（SAa） d〈1],and the littler the value of ∑Pf^d（SAa） d the longer the female longevity.Because the index of population trend was overrated generally,it must be to record the survival rate of adults per daily and the proportion of fecundity per day when the life table is established.