不同气象条件下小麦冷源的品质变异

Quality variations of cold sources of wheat under different meteorological conditions

小麦冷源是一种冷温供体材料,有较强的降温作用,当受体小麦接受冷温供体的配子后,其后代冠温呈普遍下降态势,且部分受体小麦的温度型可由非冷型转化为后代的冷型,而冷型小麦具有代谢功能好且利于高产、稳产的特征,故小麦冷源不但对冷型小麦的问世有重要诱导作用,且能更好促进小麦的高产、稳产。将小麦冷源材料放置在不同的气象条件之下,以研究其籽粒品质的变异状况。结果表明,小麦冷源和非冷源相比,17项籽粒品质性状变异等级的加权平均值为1.9877,后者为2.8171,显示出小麦冷源的籽粒品质具有明显变异小、较稳定的特征,这和籽粒形成过程中蛋白质、淀粉及其组分的含量,相互间的比例变异小密切相关。由于小麦冷源具有籽粒品质变异小的特性,因而,这种特性就利于在其后代冷型小麦上显现,从而使冷型小麦的一些优良品质性状能在生产上反复重演,这不但进一步赋予了利于高产、稳产的冷型小麦以优质、稳质的性状,并能最终促进小麦生产的较大发展,其意义是十分重要的。

Cold sources of wheat are a kind of cold temperature-contributing wheat materials that has a strong temperature-decreasing effect,and when recipient materials receive gametes from the sources,their offspring will generally appear to have a decreased canopy temperature and some of them will change their temperature type from the types other than cold type to the cold type in offspring;moreover,cold type wheat has such characters as superior metabolic functions.Hence,cold sources of wheat not only play an important inducing role in the birth of cold type wheat but also much better help wheat achieve high and stable yield.Cold sources of wheat were planted under different meteorological conditions to study the variations of their kernel qualities.The study showed that the average weighted variation grade of 17 seed quality characters was 1.9877 for the cold sources and 2.8171 for other wheat types not belonging to cold sources and then the kernel qualities of the cold sources obviously slightly varied and remained rather stable compared with those of the other wheat types not belonging to cold sources.These smaller seed quality variations of the cold sources were closely correlated with small variations of the contents of protein and starch as well as their components and proportions between these contents during the seed formation process.Because cold sources of wheat are characterized by small seed quality variations,this character is easy to express in the cold type offspring in their hybridization,and accordingly favorable quality characters of cold type wheat can be repeatedly reproduced in production,which further endows cold type wheat making for high and stable yield with high-quality and stable-quality characters and finally greatly boosts wheat production, which is of great importance.