关于基本公共服务均等化需要探讨的几个问题

Several Issues Concerning the Equalized Fundamental Public Services

基于基本公共服务均等化的政策语境,公共服务与公共产品应属于同义的不同表达,没有本质差异,而基本公共服务是那些直接满足社会公众基本公共需求的公共服务。我国现阶段基本公共服务的均等化的目标定位是"底线均等",其应在机会均等与结果均等两个层面求得统一。在推进公共服务的均等化过程中,"地方标准"是一个客观存在,但对"地方标准"地区差异性及其可能引发的"可持续性"、"道德风险"及"盆地效应"等问题应有一个清醒认识。政府间转移支付制度是实现基本公共服务均等化的基本手段之一,但转移支付制度改革的路径不是一味扩张专项转移支付或一般性转移支付,而应把引入和构建分类转移支付制度作为一个发展方向。

Considering the policy context of equalized fundamental public services, public services and public products are just the different expression of the same meaning, without major difference. Fundamental public services refer to those that eater to fundamental public needs of the social mass. Currently, the goal for China＇s equalized fundamental public services is just the equalized ＂bottom line＂, which shall try to achieve the balanced equalization in both opportunities and result. In promoting the equalization of public services, ＂local standard＂ is an objective issue we can not afford to ignore. But we shall have a clear understanding of the difference between various ＂local standards＂ and the possible problems arising from such difference, such as sustainability, moral hazard and basin effect. The transfer payment between various governments as one of the basic approach to realize equalization of fundamental public services, however, does not mean the increase of general or special transfer payment. Therefore, in the future one of the option is to introduce and construct categorized transfer payment.