美国总统与进步运动

American Presidentship and the Progressive Movement

19世纪末20世纪初,美国发生了一场全国性的复杂多样的社会政治改革运动——进步运动。它是进步派应对由快速工业化引发的诸多社会矛盾与弊端的产物。美国联邦政府或总统在进步运动中扮演了至关重要的导向者与推动者的角色。进步时代的三位美国总统西奥多.罗斯福、威廉.霍华德.塔夫脱和伍德罗.威尔逊共同造就了现代美国总统职位。与此同时,三位总统在各自的任期内对总统职位的理解与总统权力的使用各具特色,西奥多.罗斯福是力主变革与进步的继承型总统,塔夫脱是谨小慎微的法官式总统,威尔逊则是首相兼学者式的总统。

The progressive movement in America during the late 19th and early 20th century was the socially and politically national reform and attempt. Generally speaking, American presidentship positively and progressively played the role of guide and propeller during the progressive movement. American presidents during the progressive era made the modem presidentship in US. Theodore Roosevelt was a progressively inherited president; William Howard Taft was a scrupulous president as judge; and Woodrow Wilson was a president as premier and scholar.