政制创新：近代中国政治发展的百年致思

Innovation of Political System:Goal and Experiment of Political Development in Hundred Years of Modern China

构建一套适合本国国情的、顺应时代潮流和历史发展趋势的现代政治制度,不仅是政治现代化的关键,而且直接关涉到一个民族经济社会的发展进步。对于鸦片战争以来的中国来说,政治发展的核心和关键就在于创建一套以民主法治人权为取向的现代政制。在1949年以前的近代中国政治舞台上,掌控政制变革主导权的政治集团先后发起了三次构建现代政治制度的努力,但都无一例外地失败。总结其中的教训启示,不仅可以深化对近代中国政治发展规律的理解,而且对于当代中国政制建设也具有重要的历史借鉴意义。

The construction of a set of modern political system, which is adapted to our national conditions and conforms with times tide and historical current, is not only the core of political modernization, but also gains influence over one national development and advancement. After the Opium War, the key to political development of China lay in constructing a set of modem political system pursuing democracy and ruled by law and human rights. On the political stage of modem China before 1949, the political groups who had control over the innovation of political system had made efforts to construct modem system. But all the attempts ended in failure. Summing up the lesson and apocalypse not only deepens the cognition of the law of political development in modern China, but also offers the helpful historical experience for the political system construction and its political development in China.