中国草原保护建设技术进展及推广应用效果

Research Progress and Extension Effects of Grassland Protection and Construction Techniques in China

如何有效保护和建设草原、遏制草原退化、发挥草原的多功能作用，已成为中国社会普遍关注的问题。自2000年以来，中国启动了一系列草原保护建设工程，推广和应用了多项草原保护建设技术，但仍无法改变其草原生态环境局部改善、总体恶化的趋势。人们常常质疑技术在草原保护建设和利用过程中的作用，为此探讨和分析了草原保护建设技术的现实作用和潜在作用。通过问卷调查和对1996～2005年问大量有关资料和信息的统计，分析了中国草原保护建设技术的研究进展与推广应用情况及典型县草原保护建设技术推广应用情况。结果表明，1996年以来中国草原保护建设技术进步作用明显，但与草原保护建设的实际需求仍有较大差距；典型县技术推广采用以项目推动式为主的多种推广模式，不同典型技术其推广模式和途径有不同特点，根据不同典型技术特点进行技术推广是提高草原保护建设技术推广效益和效率的有效途径；加强技术创新研究和技术推广力度、加大投入是提高技术进步作用的措施。

Grassland protection and construction were highly concerned by most chinese. A series of projects were carried out and a great deal of techniques were extended and applied in grassland area since 2000. But the tendency of totally deterioration and partially improvement in grassland didn＇t change. In response to the ubiquitous doubts about techniques functions in grassland protection and construction, the real effects and potential effects of grassland protection and construction techniques were discussed and analyzed based on a review of techniques progress in grassland protection and construction and a question- naire survey of techniques extension status in typical counties during 1996-2005 in China. The results showed that grassland protection and construction techniques did make great achievements during 1996- 2000 , but couldn＇t fill the actual need. Techniques extension in typical counties were taken mainly by project--oriented mode. There were distinct aspects between different techniques, so it is an effective way to extend these techniques depending on the technical characteristics of the typical technology. Technical innovation research and extension should be strengthened, and investment should be increased, which are significant to magnify techniques effects in grassland protection and construction.