现实与理想的张力——基于考试与素质发展关系的中小学考试思路构建

The Tension between Reality and Ideal——Examination Construction in the Primary and Middle Schools According to the Relation between Examination and Quality Development

我国中小学考试正处于相当混乱的状况,其原因之一是较长时间以来关于考试与素质发展的关系存在着以下认识误区:不恰当地套用二元对立的思维方式;对考试与素质发展之性质的误解;将局部当作整体;片面地或过高地看待考试的功能。考试与素质发展既有着重要的实质性联系,又有着重要区分,它们之间的关系可概括为局部现实与完满理想的张力关系。基于这种张力关系的考试体系构建的基本思路包括:确立全景发展的理想;充分考虑考试体系构建的有效性;关注和把握考试的局限性。

Examinations in the primary and middle schools in our country are in a chaos, one reason for which is that there have been some misunderstandings about the relationship between examinations and quality development which include：improper use of the binary opposition thinking mode; misunderstanding about the nature of examinations and quality development; taking the part for the whole; and having an exaggerated or unilateral opinion of the function of examinations. There are both substantial links and big differences between examinations and quality development, and their relationship can be summarized as the tension between partial reality and satisfactory ideal. The fundamental thinking about the examination system construction based on this tension includes： to establish an ideal of panoramic development; to take into full consideration the validity of the examination system construction; to pay attention to and grasp the limitations of examination.