近代中国不平等条约研究中的准条约问题

The Problem of Quasi-Treaty in the Studies of Unequal Treaties in Modern China

准条约概念是相对条约而言的,既然是"准",当然不是严格意义上的条约,但此类文件也具条约的某些特征,不能把他们等同于普通的非条约文件。近代中国所缔结的章程或合同中,缔结一方是国际法主体,而另一方属于自然人或法人,那么此类文件属于准条约的范畴。公司或银行是准条约的一方,南满洲铁道株式会社、东省铁路公司是两个典型的例子。准条约仍然可以侵犯中国主权,具有不平等性质。

The concept of quasi treaty means that it is not a real one compared with the treaty. It can not be regarded as a non-treaty, for the quasi-treaty bears something common to the treaty to some degree The contract concluded between main body of international law and a nature person or corporation belongs to the quasi-treaty. The South Manchuria Railway Corporation and the East Province Railway Corporation are two representative examples, which conclude quasitreaty with China. Some quasi-treaties infringed Chinese sovereignty and was unequal to China.