德国伯伦汉史学东传考论

An Exploration into the Eastern Spreading of German Historian Bernheim's Historical Theory

在日本、中国史学的专业化进程中,德国史家伯伦汉的《史学方法论》曾发挥了重要作用。《史学方法论》经过日本史家坪井九马三的改头换面,变为《史学研究法》。20世纪初年,伯伦汉史学通过坪井《史学研究法》间接流传到中国,但最初影响甚微。"五四"以后,伯伦汉史学始在我国现代史学建设中发挥作用,如陆懋德、傅斯年、姚从吾、孔繁霱、张贵永等史家积极推广伯伦汉的史学方法。民国时期,各大学历史系专业都开设了与史学方法相关的课程,讲授内容基本以伯伦汉史学方法为旨归。伯伦汉史学渊源于兰克,而他突显的是兰克的史料考辨方法,以致后来傅斯年提出"史学只是史料学",对民国史坛产生了深远影响。

In the course of the specialization of Japanese and Chinese historiography,Lehrbuch der Historischen Methode, written by German historian Bernheim,once played a very important role. Later it was rewritten by Japanese historian （坪井九马三） and a new book named The Method of History Study was born. At the beginning of 20th century, the historical standpoint of Bernheim spread into China through The Method of History Study. But it did not have a great effect on the modernization of Chinese historiography until The May 4th Movement when historians such as Lu Maode （陆懋德）, Fu Sinian（傅斯年）, Yao Congwu（姚从吾）, Kong Fanyu（孔繁霱） and Zhang Guiyong（张贵永） tried their best to popularize Bernheim＇s historical methods. During the period of Republican China, the History Departments of universities opened some courses related to historical methods, whose teaching content was almost on the basis of Bernheim＇s methods. Of course, Bernheim＇s historiography stemmed from Ranke, but Bernheim put more emphasis on the method of historical evidence. It affected Republican Chinese historical circles so much that Fu Sinian later put forward the famous viewpoint that ＂historiography is just the science of studying historical evidence＂.