从《那桐日记》看清末权贵心态

The Mental State of the Dignitaries Revealed in Natong's Diary

圆融、乐观等性格因素及际遇造就的"及时行乐"、"追新求异"、"气定神闲"等心态,在那桐个人升迁荣辱中起过重要作用。作为清末一代重臣,他虽无政治智慧,却结交有术、擅长纳贿、精于理财。通过解析他的日记,似可窥视部分清末权贵、民初遗老的生活起居、出入行藏,进而描摹处于历史转型时期上流社会的一种心态,说明长期处于优容状态的满族权贵或对政治"懵懂不觉",或自觉"大势已去",以致政权更迭、时局动荡对他们的生活乃至心理影响甚微。通过那桐个案,把握满族权贵社会活动背后的复杂的心灵结构,从而探讨群体、社会结构、社会变迁之间的关系,并凸显清末民初上流社会群体活动与政权转移、风尚变迁、权利纷争以及社会各结构之间的内在关联。

The personality factors of being harmonious, optimistic and others like ＂make merry while one can＂, ＂pursuing novelty＂ and ＂totally calm＂ played a great role in Natong＇s official career and life. As a senior official of Late Qing period, he was short of political wisdom, but was skilful at socializing, taking bribes and financing. From the study of ＂Natong＇s Diary＂, it is probable to know the mental attitudes of the dignitaries in the Late Qing and the adherents of Qing Dynasty in the Early Republic of China by analyzing their daily lives and behaviors. The long time rich life had made the Manchu dignitaries insensible and unconfident with politics, so the regime changes and unstable situations affected them little. By analyzing Natong＇s case, we try to analyze the complex mind behind the social activities, and describe the relationship among the social groups, structure and social changes. And we also try to present the activities of dignitary groups of late Qing and Early Republic of China, and their inner-connection with the regime changes, custom vicissitudes, power contest and social structure.