大科学与小科学的争论评述

The Comments about Controversy over Big Science and Little Science

二战以来,科学技术与社会的关系发生了深刻的转换。促成这一转换的因素多种多样。其中一个重要的方面在于科学研究项目在尺度上的变化。这一变化引起了科学界对大科学与小科学的广泛争论,而这一争论体现的是科学家对于研究路径选择和科学研究优先性的不同理解和思考。文章通过以大科学项目为案例进行研究,梳理了大科学与小科学争论的要点,从科学自主性、科学价值和科学研究路径选择、科学家培养等角度对这一争论进行了深入分析,并认为这一争论是科学建制过程中的一种内生张力,这一内在张力不可消除。

Big science and little science are two distinct forms of scientific researches. An increasing discussion is started by the appearing of big science in recent years, which reflects scientists’ different viewpoints on the choice of research spath and priority of scientific research. By analyzing the cases of HGP and SSC plan, the key issue of this argument is discussed in this paper, and further analysis is conducted from several distinct aspects such as science independence,science value,the path choice of scientific research. The argument on these two kinds of sciences could be considered as an unmovable tension in the process of the organizational systematization of science.