1954—2000年渤海湾典型海岸带(天津段)景观空间格局动态变化分析

Dynamic Analysis of the Landscape Spatial Pattern in the Coastal Zone of the Bohai Bay,1954-2000

基于GIS技术和景观生态学方法,以渤海湾典型海岸带(天津段)为研究区,分析了该区域1954,1970,1981,1990和2000年的土地利用和覆盖变化特征,并在空间上反映出各时期的重点退化区域.结果表明:1954—2000年研究区内高功能景观面积减少51.98%,主要是草地、沼泽和滩涂退化成农田、盐田、港口和养殖塘等经济价值较高的类型,其中以1954—1970年为高功能景观退化的最快时期,平均每年退化3684.50hm2,以沼泽和草地退化最为明显.人口增长、滩涂利用和围海造地以及近岸环境污染是其重要的驱动力.

The region around the coastal zone of the Bohai Bay is one of the hot spots of socio-economic development in China. Consequendy, significant land use and cover changes have occurred. Based on the theories of GIS and methods of landscape ecology, changes of land use and cover were analyzed in the Bohai Bay coastal zone （Tianjin） from 1954 to 2000, to detect the different degradation regions and features over the past 50 years. The results indicated that the area of high-quality landscape zones declined by 51.98% from 1954 to 2000. The most significant land use and cover change was that large quantities of grasslands, marshes, and mudflats were changed into high economic value land types such as farmland, salt ponds, ports and culture ponds due to the rapid socio-economic development in the coastal zone. During the period from 1954 to 1970, the fastest degradation from the high to low quality landscapes occurred, with a degradation rate of 3, 684.50 hm^2 per year. It was found that the most important driving factors were population growth, mudtlat development, intertidal zone reclamation and pollutants inputs, etc.