不同项目运动员压力源与应对方式的比较研究

Comparative Research on Stress Source and Coping Styles of Athletes in Different Sport Items

目的:在省级专业运动队考察运动员的压力源与应对方式特点。方法:运用访谈调查和问卷调查法调查田径队、皮划艇和赛艇队、羽毛球队、跳水队和射击队等不同项目运动员169名。结果:1)不同项目运动员在不同压力情境中(尤其在生活和就业情境)的应激水平存在显著差异;皮划艇和赛艇队运动员在许多压力源上的应激水平都显著高于其他项目运动员;2)不同项目运动员使用的应对方式也有显著差异,如跳水运动员使用主动应对的得分显著低于田径运动员和皮划艇及赛艇队运动员,但其情绪应对得分则显著高于其他项目运动员;3)在不同的压力情境下,运动员的应对方式具有不同的特点,除了主动应对,在学习压力情境下,运动员还较多使用支持应对和超越应对;而在身心压力情境下,运动员则较多使用情绪应对。结论:不同项目运动员采用的应对策略与其面临的特定压力情境有关。

Objective： To explore athletes stressors and coping styles. Method： The questionnaire and interview were used in a sample of 169 athletes among track and field, canoe-kayak and rowing, badminton, diving and shooting sports. The result indicates that ： 1） there are sig- nificant differences in the stress levels for different sports athletes in different stressful situa- tions, and the stress levels in many stressful situations for canoe-kayak and rowing athletes are higher than that for other sports athletes. 2） There are also significant differences in the coping styles used by different sports athletes, for example, diving athletes are less use initiative cop- ing than track and rowing athletes, however, they are more often use emotional coping than other sports athletes. 3） Different sports athletes may use different coping styles as stressful situations changing, for example, except initiative coping, most sports athletes use support cop- ing and surpass coping in the study situation, while they use emotional coping in the body and mind stress situation. Conclusion： the coping strategies which the different sport athletes use depend on the different stressful situations.