世界优秀女子100m蛙泳和200m自由泳运动员途中游速度、划幅、划频统计学分析

Statistical Analysis on Midway Velocity,Stroke Length and Stroke Frequency of World Elite Women 100 m Breaststroke and 200 m Freestyle Swimmers

通过多年系统的游泳比赛技术监测采集游泳比赛途中游各项技术数据,以世界综合排名前100名运动员成绩为划分依据,研究女子100m蛙泳、200m自由泳运动员途中游分段速度、划幅、划频、游速的特点。研究结果显示:在女子100m蛙泳和200m自由泳中,世界优秀运动员均呈现快划频的趋势;在对成绩预测中,通过运动员的划幅、划频比较容易预测运动员成绩增长情况和上升空间,即在成绩相同情况下,运动员划频慢,成绩提高幅度大;对10名优秀女子100m蛙泳运动员的途中游个性研究和多年成绩分析表明,她们划幅、划频的个性特征非常明显,蛙泳优秀运动员相对集中,运动员年限也长;在对女子200m自由泳优秀运动员的途中游个性研究和多年成绩分析结果表明,与蛙泳不同,200m自由泳运动员个性化不是非常明显,优秀运动员相对保持高水平成绩年限少,运动员分散,说明自由泳运动员的各种能力和水平更趋于一致,优秀运动员保持高水平的能力要求更高;蛙泳对运动员的身高要求最少,而技术要求最高,是适合亚洲人的一项运动;运动员出成绩后保持高水平年限长,符合经济学原理;蛙泳项目一直是亚洲的强项和我国的传统优势项目。

Based on a span of many years＇ systematic monitor in technique and collection of all kinds of the technique data on the midway in the swimming competitions, divided according to the comprehensive result of first top 100 athletes in the world name list, this paper looks into the characteristic of the division velocity, stroke length, stroke frequency in the 100 m breaststroke, 200 m freestyle of world women swimmer at different swimming levels under the help of the literatures, videotape screen, the collection of competition picture, the videotape analysis, and using the comparative study method and mathematical statistics way. The result shows that 1） in the women＇s 100 m breaststroke as well as 200 m freestyle, the world elite swimmers are all in the trend of quick stoke frequency. 2） In the course of predicting women swimmers; competition results, we can relatively pretest the growth and improvement of swimmers ; results by observing their stoke frequency. 3） Viewing from the individual swimming study of 10 elite women swimmers on their midway in100 m breaststroke and according to the many years＇ analysis of these swimmers＇ swimming results, we can see that their individuations are distinct;the span of their comparatively keeping a high result is long. 4） Different with the breaststroke swimmers, the 200 m freestyle swimmer＇s individuations are not so distinct; the span of their comparatively keeping a high result is short, and what＇ s more, the swimmer is spread around here and there. 5 ） Breaststroke requires least in the height but most in the swimming technique. Therefore, it can become one of the most suitable sports for our Asian people and is consistent with the economics＇ theory that the fixed number of year that swimmers keep high can be stayed long after they succeed in a swimming competition. In addition, the breaststroke is not only the Asian but our national traditional super event. So, from the point of Olympic tactics, keeping vigorously on our national breaststroke event is an essential ensure for our Chinese swimming team entering into the world.